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Recent Submissions

Idéologies dans les manuels de français langue étrangère au Kenya : analyse critique du discours de deux textes tirés du manuel Au Sommet
(Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa, 2025-02-07) Jacqueline Jebet Kandagor; Baudoin Ngoy Mwilambwe; Flavien Mubalama Mulenda
Cet article présente des idéologies dans le manuel de français Au Sommet actuellement en usage dans les écoles secondaires kenyanes. Le contenu des manuels scolaires n'est jamais neutre. Le discours des manuels scolaires contient les savoirs à enseigner aux apprenants ainsi que des valeurs et des normes qu'un pays chercherait inculqué chez ses futurs citoyens. Les deux textes tirés du manuel ont été analysé à l'aide de l'analyse critique du discours de Fairclough. Les résultats révèlent que le discours de ce manuel reflète les changements sociopolitiques subis dans le pays et les aspirations pour son développement économique. Les idéologies principales dans ces deux textes sont l'afrocentrisme, le nationalisme économique, l’industrialisme, l’agrarianisme et le socialisme.
GC-MS and FTIR analysis of bioactive phytochemicals from ethanolic leaf extracts of Aloe secundiflora, Tephrosia vogelii & Nicotiana tabacum
(Journal of Research in Chemistry, 2025-05-16) Maiyo, Wilson Kimutai; Wangila, Phanice; K’Owino, Isaac; Makatiani, Jacqueline
In the current study ethanol leave extracts of Aloe secundiflora, Nicotiana tabacum and Tephrosia vogelii were examined using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the key functional groups and phytochemical constituents. The FTIR spectra indicated the occurrence of functional characteristic peaks of primary and secondary amines, amides, alkanes, alkenes, aromatic and aliphatic amines in leaf extracts of Nicotiana tabacum while for Aloe secundiflora it indicated the presence of characteristic peaks associated with alcohols, phenols, alkanes, aldehydes, primary amines, aromatic and aliphatic amines functional groups. The FTIR spectra of Tephrosia vogelii indicated the presence of functional characteristic peaks of alcohols, phenols, alkanes, aldehydes, primary amines, nitro compounds, aromatics, aliphatic and aromatic amines. Alkanes, aromatic and aliphatic amines were present in all the three leaf extracts. The analysis using GC-MS for the ethanol leaf extracts of Aloe secundiflora indicated the presence of 25 phytochemical constituents, Nicotiana tabacum indicated 15 phytochemical constituents and Tephrosia vogelii indicated 7 phytochemical constituents. The two techniques complemented each other especially in detection of alkanes, alcohols and aromatic amines since both methods showed their presence.
Characterization of ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase genes during ripening and their modulation by phytohormones during postharvest storage of citrus fruits (Citrus reticulata Blanco.)
(Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2024) Sophia Nyamusi Ochiki; Tianxin Chen
The level of sweetness in citrus fruit is crucial for consumer appeal and market competitiveness, determined mainly by soluble sugars and organic acids. ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase is central to regulating sugar metabolism, yet its role in citrus fruit ripening and postharvest storage remains underexplored. We characterized phosphofructokinase genes in citrus, identifying eight genes classified into pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (PFP) and ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase (PFK) subgroups using phylogenetic analysis, genomic architectures, and protein motifs. Comparative genomic analysis with other plants highlighted significant protein homology among CitPFKs. The motif analysis indicated conserved phosphofructokinase domains in CitPFK sequences, with upstream promoter regions containing diverse cis-regulatory elements, most notably light-responsive (LREs). The gene expression profiling throughout fruit development and ripening revealed differential patterns, with responses to gibberellic acid and salicylic acid phytohormones during postharvest indicating their roles in regulating CitPFK genes. The analysis of the transcriptome showed high expression of ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase 3 (CitPFK3) during fruit development, indicating a positive role in fruit maturation. Consequently, silencing CitPFK3 through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) increased hexose sugar content, suggesting its function in sugar accumulation. These findings improve our understanding of PFKs in citrus, particularly CitPFK3’s pivotal role in regulating hexose sugar dynamics and their modulation by exogenous phytohormones after harvest. This study provides a foundation for optimizing soluble sugar regulation to enhance fruit quality and postharvest handling in citrus production.
The 'African-State' Sovereignty in the 21st Century on Spotlight: Building Paradigms
(2013-12) Thomas Otieno, Juma; Oluoch, Ken
The ‘African-state’ seems to be undergoing a major metamorphosis on the realization that it is sovereign. What need re-asking is; when did Africa become conscious of being sovereign? An aspect of sovereignty that has been overstressed is the concept of state sovereignty and to a lesser extent the citizen sovereignty. A paradigm must take place in the definition of sovereignty extending it to the third unofficial level- ‘individual sovereignty’ (leaders’ sovereignty). This paper analyzes sovereignty of the African state in the context of intervention by the International Criminal Court (ICC). In so doing, it raises the question on what direction this third level of sovereignty is likely to take. In its inner-core, the universality principle of UN: Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) strength is put on test. Is it going to stand with Africa’s new position with ICC which sort of think leaders rights are lightly addressed making them embarrassed before their subjects.
Devolution and Governance Conflicts in Africa: Kenyan Scenario
(Public Policy and Administration Research, 2014) Otieno Juma, Thomas; Kipkemboi Rotich, Jacob; Simiyu Mulongo, Leonard
The interests on devolved system of government have increased over time in Africa. This paper looks at devolution and governance conflicts in Africa. The paper makes an attempt in assessing the likely conflicts from this system and possibly so their mitigations with the Kenyan scenario. The study applies the underlined objectives in achieving its goals. Ultimately, the paper will attempt to answer questions such as; what is devolution? Why devolution? What is the rationale of devolution? What are the likely conflicts inherent in devolution and governance in Africa from the global experience? What are the mitigations available and its prospects and challenges? Confusions linger as to whether devolution is decentralization or federalism. In tackling the objectives, this study tries to make clarity to these dilemmas.