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Now showing 1 - 5 of 14

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Estimation Of Population Total Using Model-Based Approach: A Case Of HIV/AIDS In Nakuru Central District, Kenya
(NTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, 2014) Langat Reuben Cheruiyot; Tonui Benard Cheruiyot; Lagat Janet Jepchumba
Abstract: In this study we have explored an estimator for finite population total under the famous prediction approach. This approach has been compared with design-based approach using simple random sampling and stratified random sampling techniques. It is shown that the estimators under model based approach give better estimates than the estimators under design based approach both when using simple random sampling (s.r.s) and stratified random sampling. The relative absolute error from both approaches is computed and has been shown to be superior under the super population model than the design based approach. This approach is then applied to predict the total number of people living with HIV/AIDS in Nakuru Central district.
Survival Analysis of Recovery from Drug Addiction Using the Cox Proportional Hazards Model
(American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 2026) Victor Kiptoo Rotich; Benard Cheruiyot Tonui; Joseph Kipyegon Cheruiyot; Reuben Cheruiyot Lang’at
Drug addiction remains a critical public health challenge, particularly in developing countries like Kenya, where access to effective rehabilitation services is limited. Understanding the factors that influence recovery time is essential for improving treatment outcomes and informing evidence-based interventions. This study aimed to model recovery time among drug-addicted individuals using survival analysis techniques and to identify key determinants influencing the rate of recovery. This study focuses on applying the Cox PH model to estimate recovery hazard rates and identify significant predictors among individuals receiving treatment. A retrospective cohort design was employed using secondary data obtained from a rehabilitation facility in Kericho County, Kenya, covering the period 2021 to 2025. The key findings indicate that education level (HR 1.18, p=0.049) and Substance Type (Multiple Drugs vs. Alcohol, HR 0.67, p=0.027) are significant predictors of recovery from drug addiction. Specifically, higher education levels are associated with a higher hazard of recovery, likely due to enhanced health literacy. At the same time, individuals using multiple substances face a lower hazard of recovery compared to those using alcohol only, reflecting the clinical complexity of polysubstance use. The Cox PH model satisfied the proportional hazards assumption (Global p=0.24), confirming its adequacy for the data. These results highlight the importance of socio-demographic and substance-related factors in recovery from drug addiction. In practice, treatment facilities/rehabilitation centers should integrate health literacy enhancement programs specifically for individuals with lower education levels to improve treatment adherence and accelerate recovery. Besides, more intensive and prolonged interventions, such as enhanced counseling, specialized therapy, and closer monitoring, are recommended for polysubstance users to address their greater clinical needs. For policy, the study’s results underscore the need to develop substance-specific treatment guidelines, increase resource allocation for polysubstance addiction programs, and implement standardized drug-user data recording systems in rehabilitation facilities across Kenya. These strategies will improve recovery outcomes, optimize service delivery, and strengthen national efforts for reducing the burden of drug addiction.
Ethnobotanical Medicinal Plants Used as Chewing Sticks among the Kenyan Communities
(British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2016-09-06) Kemboi Douglas
Background: Dental infections are among the most pursued global oral health problems. They are caused by plaque forming bacteria such as Myces, Actinobacillus, Streptococcus and Candida species which reside in the oral cavity. Chewing sticks have remained a common and acceptable teeth cleaning agent in different parts of the world especially in developing countries despite the widespread use of tooth brushes and tooth pastes. These are secondary forest products used by many communities in Kenya. They are used to treat wide range of oral infections and some have been reported by the herbalist to possess pharmacological properties. Despite their wide usage, not much has been investigated about the species mentioned for their importance according to local communities. Aim: In view of this, the purpose of this research was to undertake an ethnobotanical study and evaluation of phytochemicals of the locally used medicinal plants as chewing sticks among western communities in Kenya. Place and Duration: Research was carried out at University of Kabianga from January to May 2016. Methodology: Secondary literature search and structured interviews among local informants in 5 Counties, Western Kenya was used to collect data. They were requested to list the species used as chewing sticks and to rank them by priority. To evaluate the pharmacological importance, phytochemical screening was done on organic extracts (leaves and stems) of the three species listed as priority according to local perceptions. Results: In our findings, fifteen plant species belonging to different families were documented. It was observed that plants used by the locals are carefully selected for properties such as hardness, or bitterness and certain species were more popular than others among the users. Some of these species had medicinal properties and were used for the treatment of malaria, stomach upsets, cough, diarrhea, dysentery, and tuberculosis. The oral health status of the users, especially the youths and the middle aged were suggestions of the possible dental recipe, contained in some of these plant species especially the frequently used. Phytochemical screening of the extracts from the three species ranked as priority revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids and carotenoids. Therefore the extracts contains compounds (phytochemicals) that have been reported to have an effect on oral pathogens and other ailments and thus prevent tooth decay and gum diseases. Conclusion: Thus, the study ascertains the value of medicinal plants used in the Western Kenya and Kenya as a whole, which could be of considerable interest to the development of new drugs and production of new antibiotic. Use of these plants as chewing sticks can also be commercialized and be a source of income for many poor Kenyans upon scientific validation of their toxicity.
Adherence to Dietary Recommendations and Associated Factors Among Adults Aged 40 Years and Older with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study at Kericho County, Kenya
(Journal of Current Health Sciences. 2026,6(1): 1-10, 2026) Florence Wandia; Joel Wanzala; Irine Chepngetich
Type 2 diabetes is a major public health problem globally. There are limited data on adherence to dietary recommendations and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes patients, especially in Kericho, Kenya. Therefore, this study assessed the level and factors associated with adherence to dietary recommendations among type 2 diabetes patients aged 40+ years in Kericho County. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Kericho County Referral Hospital in Kericho County, involving 414 type 2 diabetes patients aged 40+ years. Data was collected using validated and standardized structured questionnaires. SPSS version 26 was used to analyze data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with dietary adherence. Out of 414 participants, only 43.5% had good adherence to dietary recommendations. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that participants aged 70 years and above (AOR: 10.99, 95% CI: 1.61 –25.08,p= 0.014), attained tertiary/college education (AOR: 8.20, 95% CI: 1.61 –19.04, p= 0.021), no comorbidity (AOR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.30 –5.93, p= 0.008), had not experienced any complication (AOR: 3.09, 95% CI: 1.37 –6.99, p= 0.007) had higher odds of good adherence to the recommended diet. Additionally, respondents with over 10 years since being diagnosed with diabetes (AOR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.27 –0.78, p= 0.024), had not received diabetes nutritional education (AOR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.08 –0.59, p<0.001), and lived with more than five family members (AOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.19 –0.87, p< 0.001) had a lower likelihood of good adherence to dietary recommendations. The rate of dietary adherence was found to be relatively low in Kericho County, and significantly influenced with age, education level, comorbidity, diabetes-related complications, exposure to diabetes nutritional education and family structure. Provision and the implementation of structured and culturally tailored nutrition education using routine clinic-based counseling, standardized meal-planning guides, peer support groups, and regular dietitian follow-up to strengthen adherence and improve glycemic outcomes
Relationship Between Income-earned from Sale of Woodfuel and Volume Extracted from Gazetted Forests of Koibatek Zone, Kenya
(Open Access International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science, 2025) Keith Kipngetich Rono
Approximately 2 billion people globally rely on woodfuel, that is, firewood, and charcoal to meet their energy needs. The average annual consumption of woodfuel per capita in Africa is 0.89 cubic meters, which is 67.0% of the total energy consumed. In Kenya, 68% of the total energy consumed is woodfuel. Although woodfuel contributes significantly to Kenya's economy, the relationship between the income-earned from selling woodfuel and the extracted volume is largely unexplored. This paper set out to investigate this relationship with particular interests in the gazetted forests of Koibatek Zone in Kenya. The research study used a cross-sectional descriptive design. All the eight gazetted forest blocks within the zone were purposively selected and, stratified random sampling was used to sample 384 woodfuel extractors as respondents within the zone. The primary data collection means included: review of woodfuel extraction registers of licenses, survey of 384 woodfuel extractors, key informant interviews with eight forest officers, eight focussed group discussions, and analysis of satellite images. Secondary data were obtained through critiquing documents of policies, office files, and journals. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (i.e., crosstabs and percentages), simple linear regression and Pearson chi-square tests. Qualitative information was tabulated and coded, and the tabulated data was analyzed. It was found that the income-earned through the sale of woodfuel has a significant (p < 0.05) connection with the volume of woodfuel harvested in the gazetted forests. Income-earned from sales could explain approximately 53.1% variation in volume of extracted woodfuel (R2 = 0.531). It was thereby concluded that the amount of woodfuel extracted has a direct significant relationship with income-earned from the sale of woodfuel. It is thus recommendable that the training of woodfuel extractors should be done concerning the laws in place, and the use of sustainable forest management and agroforestry practices should be provided to the extractors. The results of this research are crucial for policymakers at the energy and forestry levels in developing practices that sustain the harvesting and utilization of woodfuel.