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Now showing 1 - 5 of 14

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CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF TIER TWO AND THREE COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA
(UoK, 2025) Cheboss Venus Jeptoo
Commercial banks are key drivers of economic development worldwide. The sustainability of these banks, just like any other organization, depends on their financial performance. However, commercial banks' financial performance is inclined to the risk management practices they have adopted since any credit advancement to borrowers is always attached to some credit risk. There was need to assess the relationship between credit risk management practices, ownership structure and financial performance of tier two and three commercial banks in Kenya. Therefore, this study sought to fill the contextual and conceptual gaps in the literature by assessing the credit risk management practices, ownership structure and financial performance of tier II and III commercial banks in Kenya. Specifically, the study evaluated the relationship between credit risk assessment, liquidity risk monitoring, credit risk mitigation practices, staff training, and the financial performance of tier-two and three commercial banks in Kenya. In addition, the study assessed the moderating effect of ownership structure on the relationship between credit risk management practices and the financial performance of tier-two and three commercial banks. A Cross-sectional research design was adopted with a target population of 312 employees drawn from the top management level of 30 tier-two and tier three commercial banks in Kenya. A sample of 175 participants was determined using the Yamane Taro formula and selected through a simple random sampling technique. Primary data was obtained using a structured questionnaire. The data collection instruments were subjected to construct, content, and face validity tests where an overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.852 was obtained and accepted. The study analyzed data quantitatively using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics involving regression and correlation analysis. The study findings were presented using tables. The findings revealed that credit risk mitigation (r = 0.490, p < 0.05), staff training (r = 0.408, p < 0.05), liquidity risk monitoring (r = 0.231, p < 0.05), and ownership structure (r = 0.426, p < 0.05) had a positive and significant relationship with financial performance, while credit risk assessment (r = 0.057, p > 0.05) had a positive but insignificant correlation with financial performance. Overall, the study found that credit risk management practices understudy explained 58.3% change in the financial performance of the tier two and three commercial banks. Further, the study established that ownership structure had a significant moderating effect on the relationship tier two and tier three commercial banks as between credit management practices and financial performance of tier two and tier three commercial banks as evidenced by the increase in the coefficient of determination from 58.3% to 61.1%. The study concluded that credit risk assessment, credit risk mitigation and staff training have significant relationship with financial performance. However, liquidity risk monitoring has an insignificant relationship with financial performance of the banks. The study recommends that commercial banks strengthen their credit risk assessment, liquidity risk monitoring, credit risk mitigation, and staff training practices while leveraging ownership structure to enhance financial performance. The study finding will be significant to scholars, regulators, policy makers the management of tier two and three commercial banks
Estimation Of Population Total Using Model-Based Approach: A Case Of HIV/AIDS In Nakuru Central District, Kenya
(NTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, 2014) Langat Reuben Cheruiyot; Tonui Benard Cheruiyot; Lagat Janet Jepchumba
Abstract: In this study we have explored an estimator for finite population total under the famous prediction approach. This approach has been compared with design-based approach using simple random sampling and stratified random sampling techniques. It is shown that the estimators under model based approach give better estimates than the estimators under design based approach both when using simple random sampling (s.r.s) and stratified random sampling. The relative absolute error from both approaches is computed and has been shown to be superior under the super population model than the design based approach. This approach is then applied to predict the total number of people living with HIV/AIDS in Nakuru Central district.
Survival Analysis of Recovery from Drug Addiction Using the Cox Proportional Hazards Model
(American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 2026) Victor Kiptoo Rotich; Benard Cheruiyot Tonui; Joseph Kipyegon Cheruiyot; Reuben Cheruiyot Lang’at
Drug addiction remains a critical public health challenge, particularly in developing countries like Kenya, where access to effective rehabilitation services is limited. Understanding the factors that influence recovery time is essential for improving treatment outcomes and informing evidence-based interventions. This study aimed to model recovery time among drug-addicted individuals using survival analysis techniques and to identify key determinants influencing the rate of recovery. This study focuses on applying the Cox PH model to estimate recovery hazard rates and identify significant predictors among individuals receiving treatment. A retrospective cohort design was employed using secondary data obtained from a rehabilitation facility in Kericho County, Kenya, covering the period 2021 to 2025. The key findings indicate that education level (HR 1.18, p=0.049) and Substance Type (Multiple Drugs vs. Alcohol, HR 0.67, p=0.027) are significant predictors of recovery from drug addiction. Specifically, higher education levels are associated with a higher hazard of recovery, likely due to enhanced health literacy. At the same time, individuals using multiple substances face a lower hazard of recovery compared to those using alcohol only, reflecting the clinical complexity of polysubstance use. The Cox PH model satisfied the proportional hazards assumption (Global p=0.24), confirming its adequacy for the data. These results highlight the importance of socio-demographic and substance-related factors in recovery from drug addiction. In practice, treatment facilities/rehabilitation centers should integrate health literacy enhancement programs specifically for individuals with lower education levels to improve treatment adherence and accelerate recovery. Besides, more intensive and prolonged interventions, such as enhanced counseling, specialized therapy, and closer monitoring, are recommended for polysubstance users to address their greater clinical needs. For policy, the study’s results underscore the need to develop substance-specific treatment guidelines, increase resource allocation for polysubstance addiction programs, and implement standardized drug-user data recording systems in rehabilitation facilities across Kenya. These strategies will improve recovery outcomes, optimize service delivery, and strengthen national efforts for reducing the burden of drug addiction.
Ethnobotanical Medicinal Plants Used as Chewing Sticks among the Kenyan Communities
(British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2016-09-06) Kemboi Douglas
Background: Dental infections are among the most pursued global oral health problems. They are caused by plaque forming bacteria such as Myces, Actinobacillus, Streptococcus and Candida species which reside in the oral cavity. Chewing sticks have remained a common and acceptable teeth cleaning agent in different parts of the world especially in developing countries despite the widespread use of tooth brushes and tooth pastes. These are secondary forest products used by many communities in Kenya. They are used to treat wide range of oral infections and some have been reported by the herbalist to possess pharmacological properties. Despite their wide usage, not much has been investigated about the species mentioned for their importance according to local communities. Aim: In view of this, the purpose of this research was to undertake an ethnobotanical study and evaluation of phytochemicals of the locally used medicinal plants as chewing sticks among western communities in Kenya. Place and Duration: Research was carried out at University of Kabianga from January to May 2016. Methodology: Secondary literature search and structured interviews among local informants in 5 Counties, Western Kenya was used to collect data. They were requested to list the species used as chewing sticks and to rank them by priority. To evaluate the pharmacological importance, phytochemical screening was done on organic extracts (leaves and stems) of the three species listed as priority according to local perceptions. Results: In our findings, fifteen plant species belonging to different families were documented. It was observed that plants used by the locals are carefully selected for properties such as hardness, or bitterness and certain species were more popular than others among the users. Some of these species had medicinal properties and were used for the treatment of malaria, stomach upsets, cough, diarrhea, dysentery, and tuberculosis. The oral health status of the users, especially the youths and the middle aged were suggestions of the possible dental recipe, contained in some of these plant species especially the frequently used. Phytochemical screening of the extracts from the three species ranked as priority revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids and carotenoids. Therefore the extracts contains compounds (phytochemicals) that have been reported to have an effect on oral pathogens and other ailments and thus prevent tooth decay and gum diseases. Conclusion: Thus, the study ascertains the value of medicinal plants used in the Western Kenya and Kenya as a whole, which could be of considerable interest to the development of new drugs and production of new antibiotic. Use of these plants as chewing sticks can also be commercialized and be a source of income for many poor Kenyans upon scientific validation of their toxicity.
Adherence to Dietary Recommendations and Associated Factors Among Adults Aged 40 Years and Older with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study at Kericho County, Kenya
(Journal of Current Health Sciences. 2026,6(1): 1-10, 2026) Florence Wandia; Joel Wanzala; Irine Chepngetich
Type 2 diabetes is a major public health problem globally. There are limited data on adherence to dietary recommendations and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes patients, especially in Kericho, Kenya. Therefore, this study assessed the level and factors associated with adherence to dietary recommendations among type 2 diabetes patients aged 40+ years in Kericho County. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Kericho County Referral Hospital in Kericho County, involving 414 type 2 diabetes patients aged 40+ years. Data was collected using validated and standardized structured questionnaires. SPSS version 26 was used to analyze data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with dietary adherence. Out of 414 participants, only 43.5% had good adherence to dietary recommendations. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that participants aged 70 years and above (AOR: 10.99, 95% CI: 1.61 –25.08,p= 0.014), attained tertiary/college education (AOR: 8.20, 95% CI: 1.61 –19.04, p= 0.021), no comorbidity (AOR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.30 –5.93, p= 0.008), had not experienced any complication (AOR: 3.09, 95% CI: 1.37 –6.99, p= 0.007) had higher odds of good adherence to the recommended diet. Additionally, respondents with over 10 years since being diagnosed with diabetes (AOR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.27 –0.78, p= 0.024), had not received diabetes nutritional education (AOR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.08 –0.59, p<0.001), and lived with more than five family members (AOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.19 –0.87, p< 0.001) had a lower likelihood of good adherence to dietary recommendations. The rate of dietary adherence was found to be relatively low in Kericho County, and significantly influenced with age, education level, comorbidity, diabetes-related complications, exposure to diabetes nutritional education and family structure. Provision and the implementation of structured and culturally tailored nutrition education using routine clinic-based counseling, standardized meal-planning guides, peer support groups, and regular dietitian follow-up to strengthen adherence and improve glycemic outcomes