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Uptake of cervical cancer screening and its associated factors among women of reproductive age in Kericho County
(PLOS Aging and Health, 2026) Joel Wanzala; Calvince Otieno Anino
Cervical cancer is a public health issue among reproductive-aged women worldwide. It is the second most common cancer among females and contributes to 12.9% of new cancer cases and 11.84% of all cancer deaths annually. Early detection and treatment can prevent and cure the disease. Screening among women has gained global attention since it’s a crucial step in early detection. This study investigated the level of uptake of cervical cancer screening and factors associated with the cervical cancer screening among women aged 18–49 years in Bureti Constituency, Kericho County. The study adopted an institution-based cross-sectional study design. The study used systematic random sampling technique to select 328 women aged 18–49 who attended maternal and child health clinic at Kapkatet Sub-County Hospital during study period. Data was collected using structured questionnaires, including sociodemographic, awareness and knowledge and screening uptake sections. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Descriptive analyses were performed to all the variables. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess factors associated with cervical cancer screening. The uptake of cervical cancer screening was 16.2% (n=53, 95% CI: 10.5–23.4). We found that being 34 years and above (aOR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.11–2.52, p<0.001), having a primary education (aOR = 3.20, 95% CI: 1.50–7.00, p=0.003), being self-employed (aOR = 5.20, 95% CI: 2.40–10.70, p<0.001), or unemployed (aOR =7.50, 95% CI: 2.45–25.00, p<0.001), and having a family history of cervical cancer (aOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 0.80–6.00, p=0.015) significantly increased the odds of screening uptake. In contrast, earning an income of Ksh. 2,001–5,000 (aOR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.10–0.90, p=0.016) or> Ksh. 10,000 (aOR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.06–0.33, p<0.001) significantly decreased the odds of screening. Additionally, poor knowledge on risk factors (aOR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.28–0.65, p<0.001), signs and symptoms (aOR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.10–0.70, p<0.001), and groups at risk (aOR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.15–0.60, p<0.001) were all associated with lower odds of screening. Uptake of cervical cancer screening was influenced by multiple factors including socio-demographics and economic factors, awareness, and knowledge related factors. Thus, there is urgent need for intensified health education to enhance awareness and knowledge of women on cervical cancer and its screening.
Adherence to Dietary Recommendations and Associated Factors Among Adults Aged 40 Years and Older with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study at Kericho County, Kenya
(Journal of Current Health Sciences., 2026-01-15) Florence Wandia; Joel Wanzala; Irine Chepngetich
Type 2 diabetes is a major public health problem globally. There are limited data on adherence to dietary recommendations and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes patients, especially in Kericho, Kenya. Therefore, this study assessed the level and factors associated with adherence to dietary recommendations among type 2 diabetes patients aged 40+ years in Kericho County. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Kericho County Referral Hospital in Kericho County, involving 414 type 2 diabetes patients aged 40+ years. Data was collected using validated and standardized structured questionnaires. SPSS version 26 was used to analyze data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with dietary adherence. Out of 414 participants, only 43.5% had good adherence to dietary recommendations. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that participants aged 70 years and above (AOR: 10.99, 95% CI: 1.61 – 25.08, p = 0.014), attained tertiary/college education (AOR: 8.20, 95% CI: 1.61 – 19.04, p = 0.021), no comorbidity (AOR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.30 – 5.93, p = 0.008), had not experienced any complication (AOR: 3.09, 95% CI: 1.37 – 6.99, p = 0.007) had higher odds of good adherence to the recommended diet. Additionally, respondents with over 10 years since being diagnosed with diabetes (AOR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.27 – 0.78, p = 0.024), had not received diabetes nutritional education (AOR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.08 – 0.59, p <0.001), and lived with more than five family members (AOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.19 – 0.87, p < 0.001) had a lower likelihood of good adherence to dietary recommendations. The rate of dietary adherence was found to be relatively low in Kericho County, and significantly influenced with age, education level, comorbidity, diabetesrelated complications, exposure to diabetes nutritional education and family structure. Provision and the implementation of structured and culturally tailored nutrition education using routine clinic-based counseling, standardized meal-planning guides, peer support groups, and regular dietitian follow-up to strengthen adherence and improve glycemic outcomes.
Metaphysical Postulates in Kenyan Education System: Are Learners Imbued with What Is Desirable?
(International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research & Innovation, 2024) Justine Mukhungulu Maira; Eliud Ominde
Metaphysical postulates of education are those attributes of education that render the process of education universally valid. The three metaphysical postulates the paper focuses on are: truth, goodness and unity which anchor knowledge, values and skills, in education. The Kenyan education system faces political, social and economic problems because of how metaphysical postulates are addressed. The paper analyses the metaphysical postulates and concludes that philosophy of education should be interspersed in the education system with a view to changing the attitude of learners to be better and responsible citizens who shun corruption. It is recommended that evaluation of the metaphysical postulates should form that basis of any curriculum and further studies in this area are vital.
Axiological Implication of kenneth kaunda’s African Humanist Pfilosofhy an Citizenship Education In Kenya
(REPOD, 2025-12) Eliud Shani Ominde; Justine Mukhungulu Maira
Increasingly, countries world-over are promoting citizenship in the planned curricula in schools as a medium of sustaining cohesion and unity within the society. This study employed the praxis of Kenneth Kaunda’s African humanist philosophy ideas in enhancing citizenship education in primary school education. Since this is a philosophical inquiry, the study adopted conceptual analysis as the main technique of investigation. Conceptual analysis is a traditional method of clarifying constructs in the form of a philosophical inquiry. Philosophers use this technique to clarify the meanings and boundaries of concepts to enhance understanding. The study found out that Zambian humanism is a critical worldview in championing citizenship education in Kenya since its ideas are consistent with the Basic Education curriculum Framework of 2017 and Chapter Six of the Constitution of Kenya 2010 on Leadership and Integrity
Correlation Between Teachers' Years of Service Experience and Legal Literacy in Secondary Schools in Bobasi Sub-County, Kenya
(UEJTL: Universal Education Journal of Teaching and Learning, 2026-01-31) Eliud Ominde
Legal literacy is a critical competency for teachers, which enables them to navigate complex school environments where legal obligations and risks frequently arise. Teachers often make decisions that affect the constitutional liberties of students, colleagues, and the broader school community. Despite this responsibility, various studies have shown that many teachers operate without formal legal training. This study investigated how gender, education level, and in-service experience influence legal literacy among secondary school teachers in Bobasi Sub-County, Kenya. A descriptive survey using a correlational research design was adopted. The target population included 395 secondary school teachers. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Key findings show that gender has a statistically significant but weak influence on legal literacy, accounting for only 1.6% of the variance. Education level has a moderate influence, explaining 4.7% of the variance. In-service experience emerged as the strongest predictor, accounting for 31.2% of the variance in legal literacy. These findings suggest that practical experience is a key driver of legal knowledge, while gender plays a minor role. The study recommends integrating legal literacy into pre-service teacher training curricula and strengthening in-service professional development programs. Educational stakeholders should develop targeted legal education initiatives to bridge knowledge gaps and improve legal competency among teachers. Future research should explore additional factors such as access to legal resources, socioeconomic status, and cultural beliefs to gain a more comprehensive understanding of disparities in legal literacy.