One of the most interesting areas of research that has attracted the attention of many scholars are theory of zero divisor graphs. Most recent research have focused on properties of zero divisor graphs with little attention ...

Derivatives are used in hedging European options against risks. The partial derivatives of the solution to either a variable or a parameter in the Black-Scholes model are called risk (Greek) parameters or simply the ...

The study of completely primary finite rings has generated interest ing results in the structure theory of finite rings with identity. It has been shown that a finite ring can be classified by studying the structures of ...

Let R be a Completely Primary Finite Ring with a unique maximal ideal Z(R)) , satisfying (( ( )) (0) 1  n Z R and ( ( )) = (0). n Z R The structures of the units some classes of such rings have been ...

The study of perfect codes has attracted a lot of interest among researchers in coding theory in view of the fact that many authors have indicated that this type of codes is rare. These codes are considered the best ...

The characterization of the group of units of any commutative ring has not been done in general, and previous studies have restricted the classes of rings or groups under consideration. In this work, we deter mine the ...