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Determinants of Covid-19 vaccine uptake among the elderly aged 58 years and above in Kericho County, Kenya: Institution based cross sectional survey
(PLOS Global Public Health, 2023-09) Calvince Otieno Anino; Immaculate Wandera; Zachary Ondicho Masimba; Collins Kipkosgei Kirui; Carjetine Syallow Makero; Phanice Kerubo Omari; Philip Sanga
Hesitancy to Covid-19 vaccine is a global challenge despite the compelling evidence of the value of vaccine in preventing disease and saving lives. It is suggested that context-specific strategies can enhance acceptability and decrease hesitancy to Covid-19 vaccine. Hence, the study determined uptake and determinants of Covid-19 vaccine following a sustained voluntary vaccination drive by Kenyan government. We conducted institution based crosssectional survey of 1244 elderly persons aged 58 to 98 years in the months of January, February and March, 2022. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to investigate determinants of Covid 19 vaccine uptake. The predictor variables included socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, convenience and ease of access of the vaccine, collective responsibility, complacency and the three dimensions of confidence; trust in safety, trust in decision makers and delivery system. The findings are reported as the adjusted odd ratio (AOR) at 95% confidence interval (CI). Significant level was considered at p <0.05. The results from the multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that advanced age and presence of chronic disease were associated with increased odds of doubt on Covid 19 vaccine, while long distance from vaccination centers was associated with increased odds of delay in vaccination. Overall, the findings of this study provided valuable insights into the factors influencing vaccine hesitancy among the elderly population in Kenya and will inform the development of targeted interventions to increase vaccine acceptance and uptake in this population.
Exploring Contemporary Issues of Adolescent Pregnancies in Kenya: Further Analysis Of 2014 And 2020 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey Datasets Files
(International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research & Innovation, 2024) Calvince Anino; Joel Wanzala; Fredrik Wanyama; Collins Kirui
Background Adolescent pregnancy is a pressing issue with significant social and health consequences for both mothers and children, particularly in developing countries with limited access to quality healthcare. Despite policy and program interventions, adolescent pregnancies continue to have adverse outcomes. The examined trends and contemporary issues related to adolescent pregnancies in Kenya using data from the 2014 and 2020 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey datasets files. Methods Kenya Demographic and Health Survey datasets for 2014 and 2020 were used. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze trends in adolescent pregnancies, while binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with adolescent pregnancies. Results The study found a significant decrease in the prevalence of adolescent pregnancies from 18.8% in 2014 to 12.2% in 2020 (p 0.001), with a higher prevalence in rural areas. Over 70% of the pregnancies were unintended, and sexual initiation before the age of 15 was associated with a higher risk of pregnancy. Wealth status, education, access to healthcare, and household size were significantly associated with adolescent pregnancy. Conclusion The study observed a concerning rise in adolescent pregnancies, primarily affecting girls aged 15-19. This was driven by the interplay of socio-demographic, economic, and cultural factors, which greatly impacted rural and disadvantaged communities.
Bridging the Gap: Can Mass Health Education Reduce Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy?
(International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research & Innovation, 2024) Calvince Otieno Anino
Introduction: Vaccine hesitancy is one of the top ten threats to global health. In Kenya, recent data suggests high levels of vaccine hesitancy. The study focused on assessing Covid-19 vaccination among individuals residing in Kericho County, Kenya while considering the potential role of mass education in vaccine hesitancy. Methods: The study adopted the psychological antecedents of vaccination model to carry out a descriptive cross sectional survey of 1200 persons who attended outpatient services in sub-County hospitals. Simple random sampling was adopted and probability proportionate to size was ensured during sampling. Data was analyzed using proportion and chi-square tests. Results: Participants who received health education had lower vaccine hesitancy. The study observed association between health education and socio-demographic and economic factors (P = < 0.001). A positive correlation between health education and confidence in vaccine safety, efficacy, trust in healthcare professionals, and trust in religious/cultural beliefs regarding vaccines was observed. The study further observed association between health education and reduced hesitancy across all complacency-related variables, convenience and constraint, collective responsibility and risk calculations. Conclusion: While health education likely played a role in promoting vaccine acceptance, its effectiveness may be influenced by individual characteristics.
Malaria and Climate Variability: Exploring Variations in Rainfall, Temperature and Mortality on Mt. Elgon, Kenya (2011 To 2021)
(Egypt. Acad. J. Biolog. Sci. (E-Medical Entom. & Parasitology, 2025) Fredrick W. Wanyama; Job Mulonga; Moses M. Ngeiywa; Judith Makwali; Calvince Anino; Makila Jacob; Mwongula Wanjala
Background: Malaria is a preventable and treatable disease that is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. Understanding the trends in the factors that contribute to malaria transmission is essential for the timely development of effective prevention and control strategies. Objective: This study analyzed the trends relationships between rainfall, temperature, and confirmed cases of malaria in Mt. Elgon Sub-County over the past decade (2011-2021). Results: The results showed a negative correlation between rainfall and confirmed malaria cases, with a correlation coefficient of -0.36. An increase in rainfall was associated with a decrease in confirmed malaria cases. Additionally, there was a moderate to strong positive correlation between average temperature and confirmed malaria cases, with a correlation coefficient of 0.16. An increase in temperature was associated with an increase in confirmed malaria cases. Conclusion: These results highlight the importance of understanding the role of environmental factors in the transmission of malaria and the potential impact of climate change on the disease transmission. Reduction in mean rainfall and an increase in mean temperature predicts’ increased malaria and these can be used to mobilize resources to prevent and manage the disease. Further research is needed to better understand the complex relationships between these variables and to identify effective strategies for preventing and controlling malaria.
Language Use in Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s “Detained: A Writer’s Prison Diary”
(Addaiyan Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 2026) Anne Langat
anguage is an important tool in our societyandinhuman life in particular. It plays an essential function not onlyincommunication but also in restoring and maintaining harmonyininterpersonal relationships. The style in which language is usedportrays a lot about the language users and the audience as well. InNgugi Wa Thiongo’s “Detained: A Writer’s Prison Diary”, thereisa distinctive usage of language that expresses his resistance totheoppression meted out to them by the colonizer and reinforces thetheme of cultural identity as well. This paper will examinethespecific instances of language use, such as Idioms, proverbs, codemixing, and switching, that were used to bring out the themes inhisbook. The researcher was interested in highlighting the different styles of language usage and further establishing the reasons whythe author used them. The research was primarily limited toNgugi wa Thiongo's Detained: A Writer's Prison Diary. The scope of theresearch was within the realm of Prison Narration. The researchwas Library based qualitative study involving close and in-depthanalysis of the selected text in order to bring out Ngugi’s language choices.